The following is part of an email sent to someone who's researched and built Crystal batteries. Note, diodes are also made with Crystals. Example, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon. Months ago the diode research crossed paths with the Crystal battery (for lack of better term right now) research. Present research is now on piezo's, and will probably switch to Electrets. We'll have to see if the crystal state is the key, and/or if it's due to the high built in electric field. In diodes, the built in field is typically 15 V/um, which comes to 12 V/um * 2 um = 24 V, where 2 um is the depletion width. For piezo's it's typically 0.25 V/um, which comes to 250 V for a 1 mm thick piezo. That is not to say such a diode with 2 um depletion width will produce 24 volts, but it's a relative rating. That maximum DC voltage produced by a single diode was 1/3 of a volt, while the maximum DC voltage produced by a piezo was 3 volts.
Thanks in advance for asking Reid if he would want to exchange information. I could offer a lot of advice that might lead to greatly improving the DC power of the device. Also, I respect that you do not tell certain information that would jeopardize anything. My only goal is to get this technology in public hands, which of course will have to eventually include selling such batteries when the research is over, but since crystal batteries (for lack of a better term right now) will probably be the largest industry in all history and therefore plenty of room for a lot of competing companies. Hopefully Reid could respect a friendly business partner between him and myself working together (one day) as respectable generous business people while still competing. Reid has offered a lot of public information, and I've offered everything so far. You say that increasing the electrode surface area can increase output a little bit. If I understand you correctly, you're also saying that increasing the volume of the crystal battery can also increase the DC power output a little bit. The diodes might have the same effect, but first we need to define some definitions --> Undisturbed: I use the word "undisturbed" a lot in the diode research. It is the diode that has been resting inside sufficient shielding for awhile and connected to nothing, where three weeks is often the prescribed time. Stabilized current: The DC stabilized DC current produced by the component. The stabilized current, so far, has been around 10 pA. Size does not seem to change the stabilized current. It's still unknown if the stabilized current can be sustained indefinitely. Initial current: When the undisturbed diode is immediately connected to a load, the DC current is high compared to its stabilized current. It seems the stabilized current is around 10 pA, but then after a while it can drop (or sometimes jumps to a lower energy level). That's right, it seems there are energy levels evolved. These energy levels might be in Reid's batteries, but the incremental steps might be so small that he's not seeing them. It appears that while the diode rests unloaded, energy is being built up. When the diode is loaded, it releases the energy. So far in three years the diodes have always recovered. Reid's graphs also seem to suggest that the DC current in his batteries will continue to do the same thing, that is slowly decay over time while loaded, and then recover when unloaded. I would even bet that if his batteries were loaded long enough without recovery time, that the DC current would hit this 10 pA level. Although given the volume of his batteries it might take decades for this to happen. I still don't know if the 10 pA could be sustained forever, or if it drops below 10 pA simply because the voltage meter is slightly disturbing it. So far, it's always dropped below 10 pA, but it seems to fight this as it remains at 10 pA for a while. The diode size does not seem to make any noticeable different in the stabilize DC current, which always seems to be 10 pA. Although, I suspect that size makes a difference in the peak DC current. An undisturbed diode might produce 1 nA at first, and a similar diode with larger contact area might produce 10 nA. The above observations and a lot of others show great similarities between diodes and the Crystal batteries. I don't think the DC voltage is due to Johnson noise rectification, but another effect that I explain on my blog site. This new theory makes some big predictions, and we'll see if they are true. If true, then it would lead to batteries far better than anything Reid & Hutchison have built. We're working with piezo's, which are producing DC currents far higher than any diode so far. According to theory, Electrets with high E-field should produce more DC power than piezo's. I too am working with some scientists, some with PhD's. A EE, by profession, while working my diode research accidentally discovered that the piezo produces a DC voltage, which is why my research has switched over to piezo's instead, and might soon switch over to Electrets. The EE placed the piezo in good shielding, and it continues to produce DC power. I have confirmed that piezo's produce DC power, and have also seen my piezo recover. Last night I took a *disturbed* piezo, which at first produced a few dozen *nano* amps, but at the end of the day while connected to a short it fell to 30 *pico* amps, stayed for a while, and next time I came back it fell to 10 pA, and stayed there for the entire night, and then suddenly drop. Soon I'll be getting my data logger, so this data was not logged, but it's possible that it could have dropped from 30 pA to 20 pA, and then to the 10 pA. Is there some quantum level effect involved here? Soon I'll be getting an Electret component. So that will be interesting to see how well it performs, but there's no data on it's electric field. So it could be a cheap Electrets with a low E-field. Have you seen youtube videos how to make Electrets? It's very easy. Quote from wikipedia, "One of the earliest recipes consists of 45% carnauba wax, 45% white rosin, and 10% white beeswax, melted, mixed together, and left to cool in a static electric field of several kilovolts/cm." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electret#Manufacture The guy making Electrets on youtube does not seem to make it in the traditional way. I'll have to find out, but it seems the material is supposed to be melted while applying the electric field, which is probably why it takes him several weeks to make one. Please let me know if you find a place to buy material that has exceptionally high permanent electric field, or the most powerful know Electret. There are so many needed experiments to once and for all solve some questions. Can a larger crystal diode produce more DC power? In short, it appears that the "stabilized current" is the same for all of these batteries/diode-arrays, but the initial current varies with size. If true, then in the end, a battery twice the volume could produce twice as much power. |
As publicly stated in the past, when my diode research is complete, and proven to produce DC power when highly shield, then and only then will I begin thinking about starting a company to sell such devices. This does not violate my public statement, as the statement has always clearly stated that it is regarding my research.
It's already safe to say that the diode has proven time after time to produce DC power when highly shielded, even within a cave far out in a rural area while inside two layers of metal shielding. So far various scientists have indeed confirmed my research, that the diode produces DC power inside metal shielding using an electrometer. The scientists I am referring to are scientists by profession. In fact, it was a professional EE that discovered that the piezo produces DC power while he was working on my diode research.
This does *not* mean I will now start a company to sell such batteries, as the research is *not* complete. The power levels are still far to low. One could only guesstimate when the research will reach a point where the devices produce enough to market, but my best guesstimate is that in 1/2 to 1 year from today the power levels could reach 100 mW. For the moment, such devices could light an LED for awhile, followed by a recover period, and repeated endlessly, or at least present data shows that the devices will always recover. Theoretically, a device that continually lights the LED would be made of multiple units that take turns producing the power. Presently there are two methods of lighting the LED. One is by allowing an undisturbed LED array to charge a low leakage capacitor, and then discharging that across an efficient LED. A better method is to connect an undisturbed piezo element to an LED. For the moment, the amount of light produced is exceptionally low, so the person should be inside a dark room. As always, such experiments have been conducted in highly shielded environments.
As to where *most* of the energy comes from is still unknown, although I have a theory & hypothesis. The diode most likely rectifies Johnson noise, but due to the extremely low bandwidth of most diodes at so-called thermal equilibrium the DC voltage from such rectification is most likely lower than we can detect. This is still unknown. It's unknown if the energy is from ambient thermal energy, but it appears the main effect is *not* due to the rectification of Johnson noise. A new hypothesis, that is looking interesting so far, shows there is a continuous unknown flow of energy from the positively charged particle to the negative, that slowly builds up over time, that has a small effect on charged particles such as electrons. Such a flow of unknown energy might slowly dragging the electrons to produce current and potential.
Created on 2009-08-31 13:54:12 by EnergyMover
FE batteries, FE Misc devices, FE piezos, Free energy, Free energy devices, Piezo experiments, Science, Crystal battery, Free energy, Piezo, Piezo experiments